Although several mutations including L277M, K815R, L954del, and R975W in VCL have been identified to be genetic cause of either DCM or HCM in patients17, 18, 19, 30, 31, the function of VCL in the cardiomyocytes and intact heart is not completely understood. The gene discussed is VCL; the disease is familial dilated cardiomyopathy.