2016), are downstream from Pitx2 and involved in AF pathogenesis. Pitx2 expression co‐localises with miR‐17‐92 cluster expression, and loss of Pitx2 results in loss of multiple miRNAs that are encoded by miR‐17‐92 and its closely related homologue miR‐106b‐25. Mice deficient in these miRNA clusters share similar characteristics to Pitx2‐deficient mice including induced arrhythmia susceptibility and dysregulation of Shox2 and Tbx3 (Wang et al. 2014). The multiple miRNAs regulated by Pitx2 may partly explain how Pitx2 modulates several pathways potentially leading to AF (Li et al. 2016). This evidence concerns the gene TBX3 and atrial fibrillation.