SOAT1 and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4: Insects are equipped with multiple immune signaling pathways responding microbial invasion with AMP production, including the immune deficiency (Imd), Toll, and Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transduction and activators of transcription (STAT) pathways (Lemaitre and Hoffmann, 2007; Waterhouse et al., 2007; Cheng et al., 2016).