Clinically, the PDL1 expression in cancer has lately received considerable attention due to the development of highly potent PD1-blocking antibodies (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) as well as PDL1-blocking antibodies (e.g., atezolizumab and durvalumab) which show dramatic improvements of outcome in melanoma patients or are in advanced clinical studies, respectively (27). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is cancer.