Here we also observed reduced IFN-γ responses of PBMCs of Thai individuals with DM to both LPS and B. pseudomallei, suggesting that impairment of IFN-γ production to bacterial components is indeed a common feature of DM and may contribute to their susceptibility to a broad range of pathogens that require IFN-γ activated macrophages for their elimination46. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and diabetes mellitus.