CXCL12 and benign prostatic hyperplasia: Furthermore, cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, IFN-r, FGF-2, TGF-β, CCL2, CXCL10 and CXCL12, produced by T cells and senescent BPH cells via autocrine/paracrine secretion, are involved in altering tissue remodeling and hyperplastic growth at each stage of BPH11, 12, 26, 28, 29, 31, 33, 47.