TGFB1 and neoplasm: Treatment of mice with established tumors with 5′ ppp-TGF-β siRNA results in reduction of systemic and tumor-associated TGF-β levels, high levels of type I IFN and CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) in serum and tumor tissue, systemic immune cell activation and recruitment of activated CD8+ T cells to the tumor, profound tumor cell apoptosis, as well as prolonged mice survival [29] (Table 1).