GAPDH and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: To test our hypothesis, we performed WB analysis on protein extracts from each ALS-hMSC (n=6) and HC-hMSC (n=7) to determine the levels of the phosphorylated (p)AMPK (α2 subunit, also known as PRKAA2) and phosphorylated (p-)mTOR (Ser2448), with GAPDH as a normalizing protein control (Fig. 5).