LTA and hepatocellular carcinoma: In order to better characterize the interplay between HBx, HBx-targeted miRNAs and HBV replication, we selected miR-224, whose expression is repressed by HBV replication (ref [39] bis and Fig. 4b and c) and increased in HCC patients [39–42] where its expression is driven by the TNF/LT-NFkB signaling [42].