This difference was largely driven by two HIV+ cases with high levels of IFN-response gene transcripts (BWH HIV+ 1 and UCLA HIV+ 25 with autopsy diagnoses of sepsis with endocarditis and microemboli in brain and other tissues, and with Alzheimer’s disease, respectively); the remaining four HIV+ cases had minimal to moderate elevations in IFN-induced gene transcripts compared to controls. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and Alzheimer disease.