ACTA1 and hydrops fetalis: Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression of collagen 1a2, collagen 4a2, α-SMA, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2, TGF-β1, PDGFB, PDGFC, and PDGFRβ mRNA was significantly up-regulated in the Ath+HF group and their expression was repressed in the Ath+HF+BCAA group (Figure 2A).