TGFB1 and hydrops fetalis: Genes related to TGF-β1 signaling, such as TGFβR1, p-Smad3L, PDGFRβ, p-ERK [19], NFYA, NFYB, and p300 [20], were up-regulated in the Ath+HF group and repressed in the Ath+HF+BCAA group (Figure 2B and 4A).