GDNF and glioma: In conclusion, we affirmed that abundant expression of proN-cadherin exist in the cytomembrane of most gliomas, we demonstrated that proN-cadherin serves as an effective transmembrane signaling molecule that mediates the intracellular signal transmission by neurotrophic factors such as GDNF during glioma cells’ migration and invasion, and we hypothesize that proN-cadherin might cause homotypic adhesion loss within neighboring cells and promote heterotypic adhesion within the ECM through a certain mechanism.