INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: This model probably reflects a specific subtype of acute virus-induced T1D as knockdown of TYK2 in insulin-secreting human EndoC-βH1 cells and islets leads to decreased poly(I:C)-induced STAT1/2 activation, reduced production of IFNα and CXCL10, lower major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I expression, and diminished apoptosis [72].