In addition, the binding of 3DS1 to the HLAB-57:01 molecule (a Bw4-I80 allele) is strongly influenced by the type of peptide loaded in the MHC binding cleft33 supporting a model whereby changes in the peptide repertoire due to viral infection trigger the activating KIR engagement and NK-cell mediated elimination of infected cells. This evidence concerns the gene HLA-B and viral infectious disease.