For mutations in LIG4 (DNA ligase IV),29, 30, 31NHEJ1 (XLF),32DCLRE1C (Artemis),33NBN (Nibrin),34WAS,35PIK3CD,36PIK3R1,37SH2D1A(SAP),38, 39IFNGR1,40STAT3,41 perforin-encoding PRF1(refs 42, 43, 44) and FAS,42, 45, 46 an association with DLBCL has been reported. The gene discussed is PRF1; the disease is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.