P2RX7 and brain inflammatory disease: Continuing brain inflammation may then promote astro- and microgliosis enhancing release of ATP and other gliotransmitters associated with a further increase (possibly via P2X7 upregulation) of the production of various pro-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNFα), danger molecules (e.g., HMGB1, S100ß protein), and other inflammatory mediators (e.g., nitric oxide, ROS, and PGE2).