Taken together, these results suggest that BA negatively modulates prostate cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis in cell-type-specific manner which may be mediated by p21/Waf1-caused G0-G1-phase cell-cycle arrest, irrespective of the androgen association, NF-κB/p65 or p53 status of the cells. The gene discussed is CDKN1A; the disease is prostate cancer.