Besides rapamycin, targeting proteins upstream of mTOR have also been studied in NSCLC, such as AZD8055 (PI3K inhibitor), NVP-BEZ235 (PI3K and mTORC1 inhibitor), Perifosine (AKT inhibitor) and GSK-690693 (AKT inhibitor). This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and non-small cell lung carcinoma.