Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common cancers and the 1st leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world.[1] To date 2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), gefitinib and erlotinib, have been approved for patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC.[2] However, only about 10% of NSCLC patients demonstrate clinically relevant benefits from EGFR-TKI treatment. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and cancer.