ALPP and cancer: Specifically, ALP, as an ectoenzyme,19 catalyzes the formation of pericellular nanofibrils of D-tripeptides (DTPs) on cancer cells, which pleiotropically activate cell death signaling by presenting autocrine death ligands (e.g., TNF-α20 and TRAIL21) to their cognate receptors (e.g., TNFR1/2, DR3/4/5)22 in a juxtacrine manner,23 as well as directly clustering the receptors (e.g., CD9524).