VEGFA and urinary bladder cancer: The risk of bladder cancer in cigarette smokers was 2 to 6-folds higher compared to that in non-smokers, as several compounds in cigarettes may cause genotoxic events in the urothelium [29], and several genes have been reported interaction with smoking on bladder cancer susceptibility [30], however, no study focused on impact of interaction between VEGF gene and smoking on bladder cancer risk.