MTOR and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma: The mTOR inhibitor sirolimus has shown efficacy in clinical trials investigating the treatment of patients with AML and LAM [15–18], while another mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with renal AML associated with TSC who are at risk of complications (based on factors such as tumour size or presence of aneurysm, or presence of multiple or bilateral tumours), but who do not require immediate surgery; and of patients with SEGA who require therapeutic intervention, but who are not amenable to surgery [19].