LOXL2 and breast carcinoma: In addition to this, in both 3D growth assays and 3D invasion assays in collagen I matrices, shLOXL2 cells showed lower proliferation rates and invasive capabilities when compared to scrambled control cells (Figure 3D and 3E) confirming the effects seen with the LOXL2 specific PXS-S2A on proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells.