Because to date the transgenic mouse models of DYT1 have failed to show overt severe dystonia, it has been difficult to examine the neural, neuronal, and even molecular substrates of dystonia with certainty (Dang et al., 2005; DeAndrade et al., 2016; Goodchild et al., 2005; Grundmann et al., 2012, 2007; Page et al., 2010; Sharma et al., 2005; Shashidharan et al., 2005). Here, TOR1A is linked to Dystonia.