IFNA1 and glioblastoma: Furthermore, as we observed a transient increase of intracranial TNF-α within the brain on systemic VSVΔ51 infection or treatment with poly(I:C) (Fig. 2b), we sought to determine whether systemic administration of recombinant IFN-α alongside with SMC treatment would be efficacious in the CT-2A glioblastoma model.