This cross talk between TLR4 and TLR3 in AMΦ resulted in the amplification of cytokine (IL-6, TNF-α) and chemokine (MIP-2, MCP-1) expression in response to LPS and Poly I:C, which activate TLR4 and TLR3, respectively, and subsequently led to enhanced PMN sequestration into the lung, which was found to be correlated with ALI based on the assessment of alveolar-capillary permeability and histological sections of lung tissue. Here, TNF is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.