Because chemokine-dependent PMN migration and inflammatory cytokine secretion are important determinants of ALI, we next addressed the role of LPS/TLR4-mediated up-regulation of TLR3 in alveolar-capillary permeability using Evan’s blue, which binds albumin, in WT, TLR4−/−, and TLR3−/− mice. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.