Since NRAS mutations are common (15–20%) in melanoma patients (and other cancers including multiple myeloma, lymphoma, lung, thyroid and colorectal cancer36) and its continual expression is essential for NRAS mutant melanoma cell growth and survival37, 38, NRAS mutant tumours were highly dependent on Usp9x. The gene discussed is NRAS; the disease is AL amyloidosis.