INS and Respiratory distress: In this restricted GDM group, the risk of respiratory distress among deliveries after 28 weeks (ESM Table 3) and the risk of perinatal death among deliveries after 37 weeks (ESM Table 4) in the insulin-treated group were no longer significantly increased (OR 1.0 [95% CI 0.9, 1.1] and OR 0.9 [95% CI 0.6, 1.5], respectively).