VDR and diabetic kidney disease: Current investigations have focused on the optimization of renin-angiotensin system blockade in patients with nephropathy of diabetes using combinations of drugs that target this pathway (6-8), however further studies have focused on the potential of new therapies that either target various pathways up-regulated by hyperglycemia or other targets believed to promote progression of diabetic nephropathy for example the endothelin system, inflammation and vitamin D receptors (9-11).