For example, in in vitro 2D and 3D cultures of the two breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cocultured with CAFs or control fibroblasts, CAFs promoted invasion and proliferation in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, and the more invasive MDA-MB-231 increased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, a marker of fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition) expression of CAFs contrary to the non-invasive MCF-7 (332), demonstrating reciprocal interaction. The gene discussed is TBX1; the disease is breast carcinoma.