The frequencies ofLCL-specific T cells were decreased at all stages of MS except during clinicalattacks (Figures 1a and b), confirming our previousstudy showing a decreased frequency of LCL-specific T cells measured byenzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays.19 The frequencies of LCL-specific CD3+ Tcells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells,CD4+ EM T cells and CD8+ EM/EMRA T cells inthe PBMC of patients not having a clinical attack (that is, remission, secondaryprogressive and primary progressive MS) were significantly lower than in healthyEBV-seropositive subjects (Figure 1b). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is primary progressive multiple sclerosis.