The RUNX1 (runt-related transcription factor 1, formerly known as AML1) gene encodes the alpha subunit of the core binding factor involved in transcription and is required for definitive hematopoiesis [56]. RUNX1 protein also plays an essential role in mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and promotes cell survival in AML [57, 58]. RUNX1 mutations are present in 5% to 18% of AML [59–62]. This evidence concerns the gene RUNX1 and acute myeloid leukemia.