Whereas expressions of VEGF, MMP-9, and TGF-β were undetectable in the brains of sham-operated rats, significant expressions of VEGF, MMP-9, and TGF-β were observed in the border area within the ischemic core and penumbra at 28 days after cerebral ischemia (21 days after transplantation). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and brain ischemia.