TGFB1 and neuropathic pain: Recently, a study indicated that intrathecal injection of BMSCs inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines release and alleviated neuropathic pain via transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) secretion5, however, it is still not clear whether cytokines pre-treatment can enhance the inhibitory effect of BMSCs on pro-inflammatory cytokines release and neuropathic pain.