AKT1 and infection: At present, several pathways have been reported to play important roles in ALV-J replication and infection, including the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AK mouse strain thymic lymphoma gene (Akt) pathway, the ERK/ activator protein 1 (AP1) pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, the wingless-related integration site (Wnt) signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway and the RLR signaling pathway (Feng et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2013a; Dai et al., 2016).