Furthermore, factors that play a role in impairment of adipogenesis in T2DM such as matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B (TNFRSF1B), and chemokine cxc motif ligand 11 (CXCL11), which all showed reduced levels in response to NCT, showed an enhanced reduction in persons with higher vitamin D3 levels. Here, MMP2 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.