BGLAP and metabolic syndrome: Studies show that osteocalcin also has an important role in energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism: in cross-sectional and prospective epidemiological studies, circulating osteocalcin levels are inversely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes [48, 49], metabolic syndrome [50, 51], overall/abdominal adiposity and insulin resistance [52], and reduced BMD [38].