TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: This observation was reinforced by the fact that the overexpression of iNOS induced by the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23 was found in the plasma, in lamina propria mononuclear cells, and in colon epithelial cells of IBD patients and mice with intestinal inflammation [25–28], thus reinforcing the role of iNOS derivatives such as NO, and inflammatory cytokines, in the disease worsening and outcome.