In the treated tumours, NDV therapy led to expansion of different CD4+FoxP3− T-helper subsets defined by their lineage-defining transcription factors, including EOMES+, GATA-3+, Bcl-6+, RORγt+ and Tbet+ lymphocytes, with the most significant increase seen in the latter population, defining the Th1 subset (Fig. 3f). The gene discussed is TBX21; the disease is neoplasm.