Therefore, the major targets of RA treatment are the proinflammatory immune cells, especially CD4+ T cells, which are a pivotal player in the development and progression of RA, and their production of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and IL-17. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.