Persistent recruitment of neutrophils, which in our mouse model is associated with increased expression of CCL3 and CXCL1, drives pathology in other types of infections as well [58], by releasing matrix metalloproteases, reactive oxygen species, and myeloperoxidase all of which are significantly increased in L. braziliensis human biopsies in comparison to normal skin [24]. The gene discussed is CXCL1; the disease is infection.