IL6 and infection: The initial low levels of IL-6 at 2h (untreated <30 pg/ml, H. diminuta and T. muris-treated ≤150 pg/ml, irrespective of infection) had increased substantially at 24h showing a significant increase with helminth-treatment in uninfected hMDMs (p < 0.05 for both H. diminuta and T. muris treatment), and for H. diminuta or T. muris co-exposed hMDMs at MOI = 1(p < 0.05 for T. muris co-exposed) and MOI = 5 (p < 0.05 for both H. diminuta and T. muris co-exposed).