CD8A and neoplasm: These findings that the immunologic milieu at the tumor “immunizing” site coupled with our findings of an expansion of CD8+ tumor antigen specific CTL within the TME but not systemically [30] led us to focus on potential therapeutic approaches that combine recombinant OV therapy with vectors coexpressing TAA and immune regulatory molecules [30] while targeting the TME as the oncolytic “immunizing” site.