One mechanism whereby these activated MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways induce oncogenesis is by regulating β‐catenin activation, as documented in breast cancer (Faivre and Lange, 2007; Jang et al., 2006), melanoma (Delmas et al., 2007), prostate cancer (Pearson et al., 2009), and colon cancer (Chakladar et al., 2005; Janssen et al., 2006; Li et al., 2005; Ramsay et al., 2005; Sansom et al., 2006; Yeang et al., 2008). This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and colonic neoplasm.