VIM and lung adenocarcinoma: Treatment of the lung adenocarcinoma cell lines A549 and H358 with known and well established chemotherapeutic drugs including Cytarabine, Doxorubicin, Gemcitarabine, Vinorelbine and Pemetrexed not only induced ER stress (Figure 4A), but also promoted EMT as revealed by increase in expression of mesenchymal markers including Vimentin and Snail and decrease in epithelial markers including E-cadherin (Figure 4A).