The differences between the ROC AUCs for CA125 and HE4 were statistically significant at P = 0.0148 for ovarian cancers versus noncancer ovarian cysts, P = 0.0076 for ovarian cancers versus benign epithelial tumors, and P = 0.0062 for endometrial cancers versus endometrial polyps. The gene discussed is MUC16; the disease is endometrial polyp.