PHLPP1 and cancer: Loss of PHLPP expression has been linked to increased cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis and increased ability of cancer cells to migrate and invade by inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition.24–26,28,29,34–37 Interestingly, it has been shown that PHLPP inhibits protein synthesis by directly dephosphorylating and inactivating S6K, a key regulator of protein translation, and PHLPP loss increases the rate of cap-dependent protein synthesis.27 This increased biomass synthesis is likely coupled with heightened demands for ATP and metabolic intermediates.