Various stimuli associated with infections, including an increase in extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), extracellular osmolarity or pH alterations, β-amyloid fibers and degradation of extracellular matrix components, increase in potassium efflux, reactive oxygen species (ROS), cathepsin activation, and deubiquitination, can promote NLRP3 inflammasome oligomerization and activation by initiating assembly of a multiprotein complex consisting of NLRP3, the adaptor protein ASC, and pro-caspase-1. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and infection.