A growing body of evidence highlights the relevance of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the pathophysiology of several autoinflammatory syndromes [i.e., cryopyrin-associated autoinflammatory syndromes (CAPS), Schnitzler’s syndrome], as well as metabolic and/or inflammatory disorders (i.e., obesity, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, gout, and intestinal inflammation) (1–3). The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome.