Likewise, treatment with fraxinellone, a natural lactone endowed with immunosuppressive activity, significantly reduced weight loss, diarrhea and colonic macroscopic damage, as well as myeloperoxidase, alkaline phosphatase, and colonic TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 levels in DSS-induced colitis mice (68). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is colitis.