Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that HMGB1 plays an important role in inflammatory diseases (including lung and kidney diseases), mainly due to the binding of extracellular HMGB1 to RAGE and TLRs during inflammation to activate the NF-κB signal transduction pathway and produce more pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines [7,34,35]. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and kidney disorder.