CCL2 and Alzheimer disease: In particular, the SNP −2578 A/G, in the distal regulatory region, increases the level of MCP-1 expression, occurs at higher frequency in individuals with complications of atherosclerosis such as myocardial infarction and stroke [30,31], and has also been associated with systemic sclerosis [32], multiple sclerosis [33], rheumatoid arthritis [34], and Alzheimer’s disease [35].